Chhattisgarh
1857 and the Freedom Movement in Chhattisgarh
1857 and the Freedom Movement in Chhattisgarh — Quick Revision
One-page CGPSC quick revision for 1857 and the Freedom Movement in Chhattisgarh: every date, name and fact in tables for Prelims and Mains.
This one-page sheet covers 1857, Bastar’s tribal revolts, the Gandhian phase, jungle satyagraha and the leaders of Chhattisgarh’s freedom movement. For explanations, read the topic pages: Veer Narayan Singh and 1857, Tribal Revolts, Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience, Jungle Satyagraha and Leaders.
How to use this sheet
Scan top to bottom the week before Prelims. Bold lines are the facts examiners return to most often.
Timeline / Key Facts
1857 in Chhattisgarh
| Fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| 1854 | Nagpur kingdom annexed (Doctrine of Lapse); Chhattisgarh under direct British rule, HQ Raipur |
| 1856 | Famine; Veer Narayan Singh of Sonakhan distributes a Kasdol trader’s hoarded grain |
| 24 October 1856 | Arrested at Sambalpur; lodged in Raipur jail |
| August 1857 | Escapes from Raipur jail; raises about 500 men at Sonakhan; force under Captain Smith sent |
| 10 December 1857 | Veer Narayan Singh hanged at Raipur (Jaistambh Chowk): Chhattisgarh’s first martyr of 1857 |
| 18 January 1858 | Hanuman Singh (magazine lascar, 3rd Regiment) kills Sgt-Major Sidwell at Raipur |
| 22 January 1858 | 17 sepoys hanged; Hanuman Singh escapes, never caught (“Mangal Pandey of Chhattisgarh”) |
Tribal Revolts of Bastar
| Revolt | Year | Leader / key fact |
|---|---|---|
| Halba | 1774–79 | Ajmer Singh (Dongar) vs Raja Daryav Dev |
| Bhopalpatnam | 1795 | Gond tribals stop Captain Blunt entering south Bastar |
| Paralkot | 1824–25 | Gend Singh, Abujhmaria; executed 20 Jan 1825 |
| Tarapur | 1842–54 | Diwan Dalganjan Singh; against higher takoli |
| Meria (Maria) | 1842–63 | Hidma Manjhi; against interference in the meria custom |
| Lingagiri | 1856 | Dhurwa Rao; hanged 5 March 1856 |
| Koi | 1859 | Nangul Dorla; against sal felling by outside contractors |
| Muria | 1876 | Jhada Sirha; against Diwan Gopinath Kapardar and Munshi Adil Prasad |
| Rani Choris | 1878–82 | Women-led protest within the ruling house |
| Bhumkal | 1910 | Gunda Dhur (Dhurwa, Nethanar), Lal Kalendra Singh, Rajmata Suvarna Kunwar; Raja Rudra Pratap Deo |
Bhumkal 1910 in One Box
| Fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Causes | Plan (1905) to reserve about two-thirds of forests; bans on shifting cultivation, hunting, forest produce; begar; rents; oppressive officials |
| Planning | Tadoki: Dussehra (Oct) 1909 and Jan 1910 |
| Outbreak | Early February 1910; Raja’s telegram for help on 7 Feb 1910 |
| Signals | Earth, red chillies, arrows, mango twigs |
| Result | Crushed by outside troops; Gunda Dhur never caught; reservation suspended and reserve area cut to about half |
The Gandhian Phase
| Fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Kandel canal satyagraha | 1920 (from July), Dhamtari; against canal water tax/fine |
| Kandel leaders | Sundarlal Sharma, Chhotelal Shrivastava, Narayan Rao Meghawale |
| Gandhi’s 1st visit | 20 December 1920, Raipur (Dhamtari, Kurud on 21 Dec); with Maulana Shaukat Ali |
| Rajnandgaon BNC Mills strike | 1920, Thakur Pyarelal Singh |
| Non-Cooperation | Boycott, national schools, swadeshi; arrests incl. Sundarlal Sharma |
| Civil Disobedience | Took the form of jungle satyagraha (no sea coast; forest laws hit daily life) |
| Gandhi’s 2nd visit | 22–28 November 1933, Durg then Raipur; Harijan tour |
| Quit India | 1942; mass arrests; Raipur conspiracy (dynamite) case, Parsuram Soni |
Jungle Satyagraha
| Satyagraha | When | Where / who |
|---|---|---|
| Sihawa-Nagri | January 1922 (Non-Cooperation) | Dhamtari; Shyamlal Som |
| Gatta-Silli | July 1930 | Dhamtari area |
| Mohbana-Pokhra | 24 July 1930 | — |
| Rudri-Navagaon | August 1930 | Near Dhamtari; police firing |
| Lahbhara | 8 September 1930 | — |
| Tamora | 9 September 1930 | Mahasamund; Yatiyatan Lal, Shankarrao Ganodwale; Dayavati Kanwar |
Leaders
| Leader | Identity |
|---|---|
| Pt. Sundarlal Sharma (1881–1940) | “Chhattisgarh’s Gandhi”; Kandel; anti-untouchability; Chhattisgarhi Danlila; Open University, Bilaspur |
| Thakur Pyarelal Singh | Rajnandgaon mill workers; cooperatives |
| Pt. Ravishankar Shukla | Led CP&Berar government (1946); first CM of new MP, 1 Nov 1956 |
| Babu Chhotelal Shrivastava | Kandel organiser; Madamsilli dam named after him (2019) |
| Pt. Vaman Rao Lakhe | Cooperative movement, Raipur |
| Dr. Khubchand Baghel | Freedom fighter; later statehood pioneer |
| Madhavrao Sapre | Chhattisgarh Mitra, Pendra, 1900; Hindi translation of Tilak’s Gita Rahasya |
Don’t Confuse
| This | vs | That |
|---|---|---|
| Veer Narayan Singh: hanged 10 Dec 1857 | Hanuman Singh: revolt 18 Jan 1858, never caught | |
| Arrested at Sambalpur | Hanged at Raipur | |
| Gend Singh: Paralkot 1825 | Gunda Dhur: Bhumkal 1910 | |
| Meria (Hidma Manjhi): sacrifice custom | Muria (Jhada Sirha): against the diwan | |
| Koi (1859): sal felling | Bhumkal (1910): forest reservation | |
| Kandel (1920): canal water | Sihawa (1922): forest | |
| Gandhi 1920: Kandel, Swaraj fund | Gandhi 1933: Harijan tour | |
| Sundarlal Sharma: Kandel, “Chhattisgarh’s Gandhi” | Ravishankar Shukla: first CM of new MP | |
| Tamora: Mahasamund, Dayavati | Rudri-Navagaon: Dhamtari, police firing |
Favourite MCQ trap
Watch for four swaps: Hanuman Singh “hanged” (he escaped; the 17 sepoys were hanged), Gunda Dhur “captured” (he was never caught), Gandhi’s “first visit in 1933” (it was December 1920), and Sihawa-Nagri “during Civil Disobedience” (it was January 1922, Non-Cooperation).
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