Part VI, Chapters II and III (Articles 153–212) on one page: articles, amendments, cases and Chhattisgarh numbers. For explanations, go back to the [chapter](/polity/state-government/).

{{< callout type="tip" title="How to use this sheet" >}}
Scan it top to bottom in the week before Prelims. **Bold** entries are the facts examiners return to most often.
{{< /callout >}}

## Governor: Article by Article

| Article | Content |
|---------|---------|
| 153 | Governor for each state; **7th Amendment (1956)**: one person for two or more states |
| 154 | Executive power of the state vested in the Governor |
| **155** | Appointed by the **President** |
| **156** | Holds office at the **President's pleasure**; normal term 5 years; resigns to the **President** |
| **157** | Citizen, **35 years** |
| 158 | No MP/MLA seat, no office of profit, rent-free residence, emoluments not reduced during term |
| **159** | Oath before the **High Court Chief Justice** |
| **161** | Pardon for state-law offences; **cannot pardon a death sentence** (can commute, remit, suspend); no court-martial power |
| **163** | Aid and advice **except discretion**; his decision on what is discretionary is final |
| 167 | CM's duty to inform the Governor |
| 174 / 176 | Summon, prorogue, dissolve (max 6-month gap) / special address |
| **200** | Assent, withhold, return (once, not Money Bill; must assent if re-passed), reserve (mandatory if High Court powers are hit) |
| 201 | President on reserved Bill; not bound even after re-passage |
| **213** | Ordinance when legislature not in session; lapses 6 weeks after reassembly |
| 361 | Immunity from courts for official acts |

## Governor's Discretion

| Type | Items |
|------|-------|
| **Express** | Reserve Bill (200); report for President's rule (356); adjoining UT; Sixth Schedule royalty; information from CM (167) |
| **Situational** | CM in a hung House; dismissing a ministry that lost confidence; dissolving the Assembly after loss of majority |
| **Fifth Schedule (Chhattisgarh)** | Annual report to President; adapt laws for Scheduled Areas; regulations on tribal land transfer and moneylending; **TAC ≤ 20, about 3/4 ST MLAs** |

## Council of Ministers, CM and Advocate General

| Provision | Detail |
|-----------|--------|
| 164(1) | Governor appoints CM; other ministers on CM's advice |
| **164(1) proviso** | Tribal welfare minister: **Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, MP, Odisha** (**94th Amendment, 2006** dropped Bihar) |
| **164(1A)** | Ministers incl. CM **≤ 15%** of Assembly, **≥ 12** (**91st, 2003**) |
| 164(1B) | Disqualified defector cannot be minister (91st, 2003) |
| **164(2)** | Collective responsibility to the **Legislative Assembly** |
| 164(4) | Non-member for **6 months**; *S.R. Chaudhuri* (2001): no repeated reappointment |
| CM resigns or dies | Whole Council dissolved |
| **165** | **Advocate General**: Governor appoints; qualified as a **High Court** judge; Governor's pleasure; remuneration by Governor |
| **177** | Ministers and Advocate General may speak in the House(s); Advocate General **cannot vote** |
| 194(4) | Advocate General enjoys members' privileges |

## State Legislature

| Provision | Detail |
|-----------|--------|
| 168 | Governor + House(s); **6 bicameral states**: AP, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Bihar, UP (as of 2026) |
| **169** | Council created or abolished: Assembly **special majority** + Parliament's **simple law**; **not** an Art 368 amendment |
| 170 | Assembly **60–500** (Sikkim 32, Goa 40, Mizoram 40) |
| **171** | Council ≤ **1/3** of Assembly, ≥ **40**; **1/3** local bodies, **1/12** graduates, **1/12** teachers, **1/3** MLAs, **1/6** nominated |
| 172 | Assembly 5 years; Council permanent, 1/3 retire every 2 years (6-year terms) |
| 173 | Age **25** (Assembly), **30** (Council) |
| 178–181 | Speaker and Deputy Speaker; removal by majority of all then members, 14 days' notice |
| 189 | Casting vote; quorum **10 or 1/10, whichever greater** |
| 192 | Disqualification: Governor on **EC's opinion** (defection: Speaker) |
| **197** | Council delays ordinary Bill **3 + 1 months**; **no joint sitting** |
| 198–199 | Money Bill: Assembly only; Council 14 days; Speaker's certificate final |
| 212 | Courts cannot question proceedings for procedural irregularity |
| 104th Amendment | Anglo-Indian nomination ended (January 2020); SC/ST reservation to 2030 |

## Landmark Cases

| Case | Year | Point |
|------|------|-------|
| Shamsher Singh | 1974 | Governor and President act on ministerial advice except in exceptional situations |
| D.C. Wadhwa | 1987 | Mass re-promulgation of ordinances in Bihar condemned |
| Kihoto Hollohan | 1992 | Speaker's Tenth Schedule decision subject to judicial review |
| **S.R. Bommai** | **1994** | Floor test; Art 356 subject to judicial review |
| S.R. Chaudhuri | 2001 | No repeated six-month appointment of a non-member minister |
| Rameshwar Prasad | 2006 | Bihar Assembly dissolution (2005) unconstitutional |
| **B.P. Singhal** | **2010** | Governor's removal at pleasure cannot be arbitrary |
| **Nabam Rebia** | **2016** | Governor cannot summon the Assembly on his own against majority advice |
| Krishna Kumar Singh | 2017 | Re-promulgation is a fraud on the Constitution |
| **State of TN v. Governor of TN** | **April 2025** | Timelines for assent; ten Bills deemed assented (Art 142) |
| **Presidential reference (Art 143)** | **November 2025** | No court-imposed timelines; no deemed assent; indefinite inaction reviewable |

## Chhattisgarh Numbers (as of 2026)

| Fact | Detail |
|------|--------|
| Governor | **Ramen Deka** (since 31 July 2024); first: Dinesh Nandan Sahay |
| Chief Minister | **Vishnu Deo Sai** (since 13 December 2023); first: Ajit Jogi |
| CMs in order | Ajit Jogi → Raman Singh → Bhupesh Baghel → Vishnu Deo Sai |
| Ministry | 15% of 90 = 13.5; **14 incl. CM** since 20 August 2025 (PIL in High Court) |
| Advocate General | **Vivek Sharma** (notified 21 November 2025) |
| Vidhan Sabha | **Unicameral, 90 seats** (29 ST, 10 SC); first sitting 14 December 2000 |
| Speaker / LoP | **Raman Singh** / Charan Das Mahant |
| 2023 result | BJP 54, INC 35, GGP 1 |
| New Vidhan Sabha building | Nava Raipur Atal Nagar, 1 November 2025 |

## Don't Confuse

| This | vs | That |
|------|----|------|
| Governor: oath before **HC Chief Justice**, resigns to **President** | vs | President: oath before **CJI**, resigns to **Vice-President** |
| **Art 161**: no pardon of death sentence | vs | **Art 72**: President can pardon it |
| **Art 163**: discretion expressly saved | vs | **Art 74**: President's advice binding |
| Re-passed Bill: **Governor must assent** (200) | vs | **President not bound** (201) |
| **91st Amendment**: 15% cap | vs | **94th Amendment**: tribal welfare minister states |
| **Advocate General**: Art 165, HC-judge qualification | vs | **Attorney General**: Art 76, SC-judge qualification |
| **Art 192**: Governor on EC's opinion | vs | **Tenth Schedule**: Speaker |
| Council: delay **3 + 1 months**, no joint sitting | vs | Rajya Sabha: equal power, joint sitting |

{{< callout type="warning" title="Favourite MCQ traps" >}}
- The 15% cap **includes** the Chief Minister, and there is a **minimum of 12**.
- Collective responsibility is to the **Assembly** only, never to the Council.
- Art 169 needs a **special majority in the Assembly** but only a **simple law** in Parliament.
- The Governor nominates **1/6** of a Council; teachers and graduates elect **1/12** each.
- Chhattisgarh is **unicameral**, and it is **named** in Art 164(1) since 2006.
{{< /callout >}}

---
Source: https://cgpscnotes.in/polity/state-government/quick-revision/

Polity State Executive and Legislature

State Executive and Legislature — Quick Revision

One-page CGPSC quick revision for State Executive and Legislature: Governor, CM, Council of Ministers, Advocate General and state legislature in tables.

5 min read Updated Oct 2026 #quick revision#cgpsc#governor

Part VI, Chapters II and III (Articles 153–212) on one page: articles, amendments, cases and Chhattisgarh numbers. For explanations, go back to the chapter.

How to use this sheet

Scan it top to bottom in the week before Prelims. Bold entries are the facts examiners return to most often.

Governor: Article by Article

Article	Content
153	Governor for each state; 7th Amendment (1956): one person for two or more states
154	Executive power of the state vested in the Governor
155	Appointed by the President
156	Holds office at the President’s pleasure; normal term 5 years; resigns to the President
157	Citizen, 35 years
158	No MP/MLA seat, no office of profit, rent-free residence, emoluments not reduced during term
159	Oath before the High Court Chief Justice
161	Pardon for state-law offences; cannot pardon a death sentence (can commute, remit, suspend); no court-martial power
163	Aid and advice except discretion; his decision on what is discretionary is final
167	CM’s duty to inform the Governor
174 / 176	Summon, prorogue, dissolve (max 6-month gap) / special address
200	Assent, withhold, return (once, not Money Bill; must assent if re-passed), reserve (mandatory if High Court powers are hit)
201	President on reserved Bill; not bound even after re-passage
213	Ordinance when legislature not in session; lapses 6 weeks after reassembly
361	Immunity from courts for official acts

Governor’s Discretion

Type	Items
Express	Reserve Bill (200); report for President’s rule (356); adjoining UT; Sixth Schedule royalty; information from CM (167)
Situational	CM in a hung House; dismissing a ministry that lost confidence; dissolving the Assembly after loss of majority
Fifth Schedule (Chhattisgarh)	Annual report to President; adapt laws for Scheduled Areas; regulations on tribal land transfer and moneylending; TAC ≤ 20, about 3/4 ST MLAs

Council of Ministers, CM and Advocate General

Provision	Detail
164(1)	Governor appoints CM; other ministers on CM’s advice
164(1) proviso	Tribal welfare minister: Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, MP, Odisha (94th Amendment, 2006 dropped Bihar)
164(1A)	Ministers incl. CM ≤ 15% of Assembly, ≥ 12 (91st, 2003)
164(1B)	Disqualified defector cannot be minister (91st, 2003)
164(2)	Collective responsibility to the Legislative Assembly
164(4)	Non-member for 6 months; S.R. Chaudhuri (2001): no repeated reappointment
CM resigns or dies	Whole Council dissolved
165	Advocate General: Governor appoints; qualified as a High Court judge; Governor’s pleasure; remuneration by Governor
177	Ministers and Advocate General may speak in the House(s); Advocate General cannot vote
194(4)	Advocate General enjoys members’ privileges

State Legislature

Provision	Detail
168	Governor + House(s); 6 bicameral states: AP, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Bihar, UP (as of 2026)
169	Council created or abolished: Assembly special majority + Parliament’s simple law; not an Art 368 amendment
170	Assembly 60–500 (Sikkim 32, Goa 40, Mizoram 40)
171	Council ≤ 1/3 of Assembly, ≥ 40; 1/3 local bodies, 1/12 graduates, 1/12 teachers, 1/3 MLAs, 1/6 nominated
172	Assembly 5 years; Council permanent, 1/3 retire every 2 years (6-year terms)
173	Age 25 (Assembly), 30 (Council)
178–181	Speaker and Deputy Speaker; removal by majority of all then members, 14 days’ notice
189	Casting vote; quorum 10 or 1/10, whichever greater
192	Disqualification: Governor on EC’s opinion (defection: Speaker)
197	Council delays ordinary Bill 3 + 1 months; no joint sitting
198–199	Money Bill: Assembly only; Council 14 days; Speaker’s certificate final
212	Courts cannot question proceedings for procedural irregularity
104th Amendment	Anglo-Indian nomination ended (January 2020); SC/ST reservation to 2030

Landmark Cases

Case	Year	Point
Shamsher Singh	1974	Governor and President act on ministerial advice except in exceptional situations
D.C. Wadhwa	1987	Mass re-promulgation of ordinances in Bihar condemned
Kihoto Hollohan	1992	Speaker’s Tenth Schedule decision subject to judicial review
S.R. Bommai	1994	Floor test; Art 356 subject to judicial review
S.R. Chaudhuri	2001	No repeated six-month appointment of a non-member minister
Rameshwar Prasad	2006	Bihar Assembly dissolution (2005) unconstitutional
B.P. Singhal	2010	Governor’s removal at pleasure cannot be arbitrary
Nabam Rebia	2016	Governor cannot summon the Assembly on his own against majority advice
Krishna Kumar Singh	2017	Re-promulgation is a fraud on the Constitution
State of TN v. Governor of TN	April 2025	Timelines for assent; ten Bills deemed assented (Art 142)
Presidential reference (Art 143)	November 2025	No court-imposed timelines; no deemed assent; indefinite inaction reviewable

Chhattisgarh Numbers (as of 2026)

Fact	Detail
Governor	Ramen Deka (since 31 July 2024); first: Dinesh Nandan Sahay
Chief Minister	Vishnu Deo Sai (since 13 December 2023); first: Ajit Jogi
CMs in order	Ajit Jogi → Raman Singh → Bhupesh Baghel → Vishnu Deo Sai
Ministry	15% of 90 = 13.5; 14 incl. CM since 20 August 2025 (PIL in High Court)
Advocate General	Vivek Sharma (notified 21 November 2025)
Vidhan Sabha	Unicameral, 90 seats (29 ST, 10 SC); first sitting 14 December 2000
Speaker / LoP	Raman Singh / Charan Das Mahant
2023 result	BJP 54, INC 35, GGP 1
New Vidhan Sabha building	Nava Raipur Atal Nagar, 1 November 2025

Don’t Confuse

This	vs	That
Governor: oath before HC Chief Justice, resigns to President	vs	President: oath before CJI, resigns to Vice-President
Art 161: no pardon of death sentence	vs	Art 72: President can pardon it
Art 163: discretion expressly saved	vs	Art 74: President’s advice binding
Re-passed Bill: Governor must assent (200)	vs	President not bound (201)
91st Amendment: 15% cap	vs	94th Amendment: tribal welfare minister states
Advocate General: Art 165, HC-judge qualification	vs	Attorney General: Art 76, SC-judge qualification
Art 192: Governor on EC’s opinion	vs	Tenth Schedule: Speaker
Council: delay 3 + 1 months, no joint sitting	vs	Rajya Sabha: equal power, joint sitting

Favourite MCQ traps

The 15% cap includes the Chief Minister, and there is a minimum of 12.
Collective responsibility is to the Assembly only, never to the Council.
Art 169 needs a special majority in the Assembly but only a simple law in Parliament.
The Governor nominates 1/6 of a Council; teachers and graduates elect 1/12 each.
Chhattisgarh is unicameral, and it is named in Art 164(1) since 2006.

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